Name:  Ankita Vadher.

Paper No: 5:  The Translation Studies

Topic: Role of Translation in global scenario.

Sem-1,

M.A. -2

Roll No: 17,

Year: 2012-13.

Submitted To,

Dr. Dillip Barad,

Dept. of. English,

M.K.Bhavnagar University,

Bhavnagar.

Role of Translation in Global scenario

                             Translation is the interpretation of the meaning of a text in one language and the production in another language of an equivalent text that communicates the same message.

Translation process is never ending. It’s goes on and on whenever we are growing translation is happen. Translation must take into account a number of constraints including context the rules of grammars of the two languages. There writing convention then idioms and the like consequently as has been recognized as at least since the time of the translator. Martin Luther one translates best into the language that one knows best. Translation has been a human activity thought attempts have been a human made to computerize or otherwise automate the translation of nature language texts or to use computers as an aid to translation. The most common misconception about translation is that there exist a simple “Word-for-Word”.    In the global scenario human civilization and culture have progressed & have brought us where we are today. Now days our brought development is progress of convergence. History is well supplied with instances and history brings us together of different cultural to create a more inclusive and richer culture. This must have been happening since the time humans learned co-operation transmission of knowledge to the succeeding generation and making of culture. The science of archaeology while addressing the question of identical cultures prevailing in different parts of the world present two models diffusion and emergence whatever the process, we know that sharing of a culture brings about an enhancement of thinking ideas and behavior. This sharing is facilitated mostly by language and literature And by arts like painting, music, sculpture, dance, etc. the world everyone tell us today a becoming a global village. the wipe is impressive but for it to become reality we need across cultural understanding that is respective, open minded, compassionate tolerant and authentic. In the absence of such understanding the much toughed global village runs the risk of being transformed into a landscape of night more. We may here remember the words of the American poet Gwendolyn brooks which was “I believe that we should all know each other, we human carries of so many pleasure differences to not know is to doubt to shrink from side step or destroy”. Let us come together but before that happen let us know our selves and then know others. Throughout the history of the human kind translation has not only brought people together but have helped explosion of knowledge. Hitherto confirm to the language in which it is created.

d… Objectives of Translation:-

According to Susan Bassnett McGuire, “Translation involves the rendering of a source language text in to the Target language”.

So as to ensure that:

†…A...†  The surface meaning of the two will be approximately similar.

†…B…†   The surface of the source language will be preserved as closely as possible but not so closely that the target language structure will be seriously distributed.

          Nida another translation expert declares that “Translation is a process by means of which a person who knows both the source language and the receptor language decodes the message of the source language and encodes it in the most appropriate from in the receptor language.”

          The role of receptor language in the development of principles and practices of translation has become more important than it was. They are often called as “Target” of translating a text the reaction which a particular translation arises in the receptor has as to Nida and Taber have indicated the way to know the response of the receptor. The tradition practice of direct question receptor is still alive but an even better way of judging the adequacy of the translation is to records the ways in which the receptor relates to other persons’ contents of what they read. A translated who cannot properly anticipate the reaction of his prospective audience is doomed to be less than successful.

        Translation is the vehicle of transmitted that can carry forward native literature to the global area. Global area can aware about the rich treasure of native literature. It cans also play a pivotal role in conveying produced abound and literary output in one language to other parts of India.   India is a multilingual country and also Indian literature has had a rich tradition. Without translation large number of great master pieces in the Indian language will remain locked up treasures to readers and they can not an acquainted with the language in which they are written. We have different value and cultures of different regions of the country are transmitted through translation. The countries are transmitted through translation and also come to know about other country’s values, language and culture. Without translation classics like Thirukkural, Ramayana, Mahabharata and Gitanjali would not have been appreciated by people from different region in India. Original Ramayana and Mahabharata were written in Sanskrit but now a day it’s translating in different language and also acceptable by all people of the world because of the it revolution we find the world to have become a global village globalization in commerce and in education, economic reform, scientific know. How all the enhances the importance of translation. Translation alone can facilitate smooth transfer of knowledge and free conduct of business activities.

         In Shakespeare’s plays translated in Indian language for example- Hamlet is translated in Gujarati by Hansha Mehta and Shakespeare well known among the people of Indian. Translating literary work of native language into English can gave the way for the writers to win the Noble Prize. Best example of Tagore- he could win the Noble prize for Gujarati and also because of the translation of his work into English.

d… Language and Translation:-

       Vygotsky a soviet psychologist and the founder of cultural-historical psychology considers that language has two major interlinked functions:

…1... He says about cultural tool, language used for the purpose of communication through communication. We can exchanges our social experiences and cultural also.

…2…  He noted psychological tool language helps to organize individual thought means it’s made creative us and make sense of the world.

         Mercer- he is an American children book writer and illustrator. He point out “we use language to transform individual thought into collective thought and action and also to make personal interpretations of shared experience”. The art of translation has had a very long history throughout the world and it’s almost as old as written literature. A fragmentary version of the Sumerian Gilgamesh have been founded in 4 or 5 Asiatic language of the 2^nd millennium B.C even in china about 781, according to the Nestorian inscription of singantus, 27 book of Jesus were known probably as translation was 1^st used to the scriptures; Jerome’s Vulgate completed in the 5^th century the 1^st Latin translation of the Bible. Another early used of language translation was to make philosophical and scientific works available in other languages. There by helping to advance the field by allowing great thinkers to share their views. Max Muller translated the Rig Veda and the principle Upanishads in to English. There is several English translation of the Bhagvat Gita.

Status of Translators-From the Beginning to Present Era:-

         Translators were considered as imitators many of the translation activities until the 1970’s were done by academics or university professors.   As self awareness and believe in the principle of equal rights for all this ideas enhanced the creativity of individual, translation came to be seen as an unoriginal creative endeavors, this led to a demographic shift in the translation   community were academic and

University professors quit translation because it was seen as non-creative works. In present Era, we are thankful to the critical role played by the translation during the modernization Era; the status of the translation has earned them high esteem. Today translation considered as a creative art. It is a creative because does not simply convey the ideas of the original but transforms them in to something rich and editing. It’s like Derrida views about decoration we can says that translation is just a critic deconstructs a text and reconstructs in new way with new ideas. Translation also decodes a source language text and then recodes it in the target language. He is not a longer a mechanical translation but a creative artist. He cuts, edits, adds, deletes, alters, and amplifiers. He does not only interoperate the text but also extends and enriches its meaning.

          Translation Essential to bind the Indian Community scattered throughout the world.

         According to Suarer-Orozco and Sattin (2007), the world need “global citizens” and “Education for globalization should aim to educate the whole child for the whole world”. The authors states that the age of globalization requires social and cultural networks across the world which in turn implies the dissolution of national boundaries for this to be possible. They suggest that crucial skills linked to critical thinking communication language, through this translation we can pass on the Indian culture to the future generations in the effective manners.

What makes a good Translator:-

…1... High Mental Capability:-

          A translator must process logical thinking and analytical precision scientific and technological texts contain logical reasoning.

…2… Natural Resourcefulness:-

          A translator must process natural resourcefulness. This enables him to choose an apt or approximate item in a vast array of the lexical and syntactical possibilities.

…3… Imaginative Faculty:-

A literary work is an outcome of emotion and imagination for the first resourcefulness is added by imagination and for the 2^nd transcription demands imagination of the highest order.

…4… Inquiring Mind:-

          A translator must know the emerging theories in the translation studies compare and evaluate translation in the light of the discriminate between different translation alternative and improve upon their translation.

…5… Knowledge of Language:-

          A translator must have absolute mastery in source and target language. He must have deep knowledge and critical scholarship in them.

…6… Knowledge of Cultures:-

          A translator must have knowledge of the cultures of the both source and target language to be a successful translator.

…7… No Bias of Prejudice:-

          A translator must have love for his language and at the same time to be free from biases and prejudices towards other languages.

         Awareness of history is an essential requirement for the translator of a work coming from an alien culture. One should be familiar with one’s own culture and be aware of the source language before attempting to build any bridge between them. In the reality being represented is not familiar to the audience. The translation stumbles and becomes difficult to read. On translation of culture rich in literature, the question relevance to the projected audience is more significant of the translator than to the original author, the translator would have to consider whether similar or parallel language resources exist in the literary subculture of the target language.

          Translation is not an option but a compulsion today. The Indians scattered over the world are making their presence felt at the global level. A culture transfer requires a multi-pronged approach. It is concerned with the author’s relationship to his subject matter and to his reader. Translation is an intellectual activity that will continue to thrive, deriving inspiration from fiction in the source language and passing on such inspiration at least appreciation to target language readers. Today’s translator must be both cultural and linguistic expert in order to successfully fulfill their tasks as it is now widely recognized that speaking another person’s language involves much more than linguistic consideration.

       Language translation allows that what has been said in one language to be said I another language in a way that is message is clearly understood and its effects closely recreated. And the field of language translation downs its existing and successful path. So that we can steer the modern world away from linguistic monopolies and keep our many wonderful language alive.