Assignment- E C 302: Research Methodology.

Topic- Plagiarism.

Name- Vadher Ankita.

Roll no- 18.

Sem- 1.

Batch- 2011-12.

Submitted To,

Dr. Dilip Barad,

Bhavnagar University,

Bhavnagar.

·        DEFINATION OF PLAGIARISM

Ø Plagiarism derived from the Latin word (kidnapper) it means “To Commit literary theft “ and to “Present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source” plagiarism involves two kinds of wrongs using another person ‘s ideas information or expressions without acknowledging that person’s work constitute intellectual theft. Passing off another person’s ideas information or expressions as your own to get a better grade or gain some other advantage constitutes fraud.

·        CONSEQUENCES OF PLAGIARISM

Ø A complex society that depends on well informed citizens strives to maintain high standards of quality and reliability for documents that are publicity circulated and used in various fields like that government business industry the professions higher education and the media. They spicily when they refer to another author’s ideas, fact and words whether they want to agree with object to analyze the source.  this kind of documentation not only recognize the work writers do it also tends to discourse the circulation of error by inviting readers to determine for themselves plagiarists undermine these important public values the charge of plagiarism is a serious one for all writers plagiarists are often sun as incompliant incapable of developing and expressing their own thoughts or worse dishonest wiling to deceive others for personal gain. The serious consequences of plagiarism reflect the value the public places on trustworthy information students exposed as plagiarists may suffer severe penalties ranging from failure in the assignment or in the course to expulsion from school. This is because students turning teachers in to detective instead of mentors and fostering suspicious instead of trust. when graduates skills and knowledge fail to match their grades an institution‘s reputation is damaged They lose an important opportunity to learn how to write a research paper This knowledge is also required in a wide range of careers in low journalism engineering public policy teaching business government and not for profit organizations plagiarism betrays the personal element in writings as well. Discussing the history of copyright, mark rose notes the tie between our sense of self a tie that he belies influenced the idea that a piece of writing could belong to the person who wrote it he also says that our sense of own ship of the words we write “is deeply rooted in our conceptions of ourselves as individuals with at least a modest grade of singularity some degree of personal its” it is essential for all student writers to understand how to avoid committing plagiarism.

·        UNITENTIONAL PLAGIARISM

Ø The purpose of a research paper is to synthesize previous research and scholarship with your ideas on the subject There  for you should feel free to use other person words facts and thoughts in your research paper but the material you barrow must not be presented as if it were  your own creation often plagiarism in student writing is unintentional as when an elementary school pupil assigned to do a report on a certain topics copies down  word for word everything on the subject in an encyclopedia plagiarism sometimes happens because researchers do not keep precise records of their reading and by the time they return to their notes they have forgotten whether their summaries and paraphrases contain quoted material that is poorly marked or unmarked presenting an author’s exact wording without marking it as a quotation is plagiarism even if you cite the source. It is the surest way when you work with notes to avoid unintentional plagiarism when you copy and paste passages make around them. When students write research paper in a second language. in an effort to avoid grammatical errors they may copy the structure of an authors’ sentences if you realize after handling a paper in that you accident tally plagiarized an auther’swork you should report the problem to your instructor as soon as possible in this way you eliminate the element of fraud.

·        FORMS OF PLAGIARISM

Ø     The most blatant form of plagiarism is to obtain and submit as your own a paper written by someone else other less conspicuenes forms of plagiarisms include the failure to give apprentice acknowlgement when repeating or paraphrasing another’s wording when taking a particularly apart phrase and when paraphrasing another ‘s argument or presenting another’s line of thinking.

·        ORIGINAL SOURCE

Ø  Some of Dickinson’s most powerful poems express her firmly held conviction that life cannot be fully comprehended without an understanding of death. if you write the following sentence without documentation, you have plagiarized because you borrowed another’s wording without acknowledgment even though you changed its form:

·        PLAGIARISM

Ø Emily Dickinson firmly believed that we cannot fully comprehend life   unless we also understand death.

Ø But you may present the material if you cite your source:

Ø As Wendy martin has suggested Emily Dickinson firmly believed the      cannot fully. Comprehen life unless we also understand death taking a particularly apt phrase.

·        ORIGINAL SOURCE

Ø  Every time uses the word language and everybody these days talks about culture……”Languaculure” is a reminder, I hope of the necessary connection between its two parts….. (Michael Agar language shock; understanding the culture of conversation (New York :morrow; 1994;print;601)

·        PLAGIARISM

Ø At the intersection of language and culture lies a concept that we might call “Languaculture”.

Ø But you may present the martial if you cite your source:

Ø At the intersection of language and culture lies a concept that Michael Agar has called “Languaculture”.

Ø In this revision the author’s name refers the reader to the full description of the work in the works cited list at the end of the paper and the prentice documentation identifies the location of the borrowed material in the work.

Ø Agar Michael language shock understanding the culture of conversation New York morrow 1994 print.

·        WHEN DOCUMENTATION IS NOT NEEDED:

Ø In addition Documenting direct quotations and paraphrases you should consider the status of the information and ideas you glean from sources in relation to your audience and to the scholarly consensus on your topics such as the basic biography of an author or the dates of a historical event can be used without documentation but where readers are in sign cant dispute among scholars documentation is needed while direct quotations and paraphrases are always documented scholars seldom document proverbs sayings and daches.if you have any doubts about whether you are community plagiarism cite your source or sources.

·        RELATED ISSUES

Ø  Other issues related to plagiarism and academic integrily.include reusing a research paper collaborative work research on human subject and copyright infringement.

·        REUSING A RESEARCH PAPER

Ø If you must complete a research project to earn a grade in a course handing in a paper you already earned credit for in another course is deceitful. if you want to rework a paper that you prepared for another course and ask your current instinct for permission to do so of if you wish to draw on our refuse portions of your previous writings in a news paper ask your instructor for guidance

·        COLLABORATIVE WORK

Ø Collaborative work is a group project you carry out with other students. Joint participation in research and writing is common and in fact encouraged in many courses and in many professions. It does not constitute plagiarism provided that credit is given for all contributions if roles and contributions were merged and shared is to acknowledge all concerned equally.

·        RESEARCH ON HUMAN SUBJECT

Ø Many academic institutions have policies governing research on human subjects. Research involving human subjects includes clinical trials of a drug or personal interviews for a psychological study. Institution usually. Require that researches. obtain the informed consent of human subjects for such project Although research for a paper in high school or college rarely involves human subjects ask your instructor about your institution’s policy. If yours does.

·        COPYWRIGHT INFRINGMENT

Ø Whereas summaries, paraphrases, and brief quotation in research papers are normally permissible with appropriate acknowledgment reproducing and distributing an entire copyrighted work or significant portions of it without obtaining permission to do so from the copywriter holders is an infringement of copyright law and legal offense even if the violator acknowledges the sources.

·        SUMMING UP

Ø  YOU HAVE PLAGIRARIZED IF

Ø You took notes that did not distinguish summary and paraphrase from quotation and then you presented wording from the notes as if it were all your own.

Ø While browsing the web you copied text and pasted it into your paper without quotation or without citing the sources.

Ø You took sometimes unique of particularly apt phrase without   acknowledgement.

Ø You paraphrased someone’s argument or presented someone’s line of thought without acknowledgment.